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Intravenous (IV) solutions are essential in medical care for delivering fluids, electrolytes, medications, and nutrients directly into the bloodstream. They are used in emergency care, surgery, critical care, dehydration management, and chronic illness treatment. The two main categories are crystalloids and colloids.

Crystalloids—such as normal saline and Ringer’s lactate—restore hydration, support circulation, and correct electrolyte imbalances. Colloids, including albumin and hydroxyethyl starch, remain longer in the bloodstream and are used for severe volume depletion or shock management.

IV solutions ensure rapid absorption, precise dosing, and predictable therapeutic effects. They are vital for patients unable to take oral fluids due to vomiting, severe illness, or surgical procedures. In critical care, IV infusions maintain blood pressure, support organ function, and stabilize metabolic processes.

Safety in IV therapy includes monitoring infusion rates, preventing infection, and avoiding complications like fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances. Smart pumps and automated infusion systems reduce human error and improve delivery accuracy.

As healthcare advances, IV therapy continues to evolve with customized formulations, nutrient therapies, and home-based infusion options that support patient-centered care.